SINGLE-GENDER SCHOOL

so, i read some articles today about single gender school. it means, in that school, all the students are from the same gender, either it is a boy or a girl. and some people just gave lots of opinions, well, i called it as a debate. lol. so what i found is,

"Single-sex schools are schools that only admit those of one specific gender, believing that the educational environment fostered by a single gender is more conducive to learning than a co-educational school. Studies conducted have shown that boys gain more academically from studying in co-education schools, but that girls find segregated schools more conducive to achievement. However academic results are not the only criterion on which the success of the education system should be judged. In the United States, a long-standing controversy over the Virginia Military Institute resulted in a landmark Supreme Court ruling, in June 1996, that the institute must admit women. Nevertheless the Court left room for private (i.e. not state-run) single-sex institutions and other such schools, where needed, to redress discrimination. Proponents of single-sex schools maintain that, by removing the distractions of the other sex, students learn more effectively and feel better about their education. Opponents maintain that co-educational schools in contrast are important in that they prepare students better for the real world, and do not attempt to segregate students from the realities of adult life. This debate can apply both to secondary school and college level, but single-sex institutions are found more frequently at the former.

 and some people were like...

Children will gain exposure to the opposite sex when they reach adult life; whilst they are young, they should be around those who they feel most comfortable with. The inclinations of children in the formative years, between 7 and 15, are to gravitate towards their own sex. What is natural should be encouraged, and can most easily be done so in single-sex institutions. Furthermore, they naturally tend towards behaviour appropriate to their gender. It is therefore easier to implement an education strategy geared specifically towards one gender. Moreover, certain subjects are best taught, both in terms of ease and effectiveness, in single-sex classrooms, such as sex education or gender issues. 

 after all, i found this too..

Teaching girls in single-sex schools, long an obsession of many parents worried about their daughters being distracted by boys, makes no difference to their educational attainment according to one of the most comprehensive studies of the way children learn.
The findings by Alan Smithers, Professor of Education at Buckingham University and one of Britain's most respected schools experts, will come as a shock to parents convinced their daughters would benefit from an all-girl environment. Half a century of research 'has not shown any dramatic or consistent advantages for single-sex education' for boys or girls, he will conclude.

well, actually, it makes me think really hard. in one side, i think it's good enough with all-girls or all-boys school environment, because they have no distractions and they willing to study more. BUT, in another side, and it's important, as you know God created girl and boy to live together, and i worried if those children are in the single-gender school since they were kids (4-5 years old), i worried, they were afraid to make friends with their opposite. i mean, in their school they didn't know about their opposite better and i think, they friendship isn't that you know, as big as children who went to public school.

well, at least, that's what i think. tell me yours? ;)

Regards, xox

"

The Beauty of Carles, Iloilo - Isla de Gigantes

Known as one of the pearls of Iloilo are a string of islands in Carles. It’s consists of thirty-three barangays with 6 huge islands and nineteen islets boasting of long beautiful coastlines.
Among its well-known attractions are a tableau of unspoiled and isolated granite monoliths named Isla de Gigantes or Giant Islands. These groups of islands are known for their magnificent massive rock formations sitting on azure waters boasting their pristine beaches.

The islands are ideal for any water activities by guests who want to discover the wonderful underwater scenery and secrets that lie beneath its crystalline waters.
If you’re searching for the greatest tropical paradise, set your sights on Cabugao islands. Immerse yourself in an oasis of natural harmony. Both Cabugao Islands offers white sand beaches without all the crowds, a wonderful spot to relieve stress, slow down and get into the groove of the real exotic heaven. Sprawl by the warm turquoise waters on Cabugao Gamay while enjoy an underground adventure in Cabugao Daku.

Tangke Natural pool is a must visit destination in Isla de Gigantes if you want a peaceful location surrounded by magnificent rocks. Situated on the southern side of Barangay Gabi in Isla de Gigantes Sur, it’s a hidden saltwater lagoon formed by a surrounding wall of granite monolithic cliffs. Swim in Tangke and gaze into the spectacular rock formations around you. The rocks covered with green floras.

Relaxed on this white sand beach, without anyone bothering or dragging you. Put aside your problems in everyday life and enjoy the nature. Water is clean and very clear, people are very friendly, plus the food is not that expensive.
The perfect time to visit here is when it’s high tide so the water is deeper. It’s a warm and relaxing seawater, you will surely be reluctant to leave.

 hell-o
i am back again, now, i want to post another beauty review for Garnier Light Cream. it's a cream riched with vitamin Cand UV protection,
here what it says:

"Extra UV Protection - SPF 17/PA++

Combines 3 potent ingredients for perfect skin. snowpine white source is highly efficient

to remove dullness and fade out dark spots.

Micro-Smoothing Agent smoothens skin texture and Pure Lemon Essence visibly boosts radiance in 14 days. see, touch and feel the perfect flawless fair skin"

you can find this thing from most supermarket, but i recommend you to buy it from drugstore because it's absolutely legal (not the fake ones).

it's perfectly sink into my skin however. and i feel my skin is smoother than ever after using this product. i absolutely love this because you dont have to apply too many make ups. just apply this cream, a little eye shadow and mascara and lip gloss and you perfect already.

PLUS, with SPF 17, you don't have to be worry with dark skin because it will protect you from the UV light all day long. it also covers up your face, i mean 8-hours with un-oily face.
what's a great product!! and it's worth IDR. 35.000

English 50 – Intro to Creative Writing: Exercises for Story Writers

Basic Theory:
    What is a short story? As soon as someone delivers a definition, some good writer will write a story that proves the theory wrong. About the only thing we can say for sure is that short stories are short and that they are written in what we call prose. Some attributes, however, seem to show up more often than not.
    Short stories

1. have a narrator; that is, someone tells the story;
2. have at least one character in them;
3. have some action occur (or perhaps fails to occur);
4. take place somewhere; that is, there is a setting for the action;
5. and someone either learns something or fails to learn something (theme).

With these five characteristics in mind, we can create an almost endless supply of exercises to help sharpen our techniques of story telling.
 
Narrative Voice
    Twenty or so years ago, voice was the "rite of passage" into a successful writing career. Young writers were told that they should write until they developed their voice. The way to do this was to simply write (and read) as much as possible, having others read your work and comment on it, until your voice became distinct from others. The evidence to support this theory was generally drawn from the body of work of successful writers. Everyone agreed that you could read a Hemingway story, for instance, without factual evidence that the story was written by Hemingway, and recognize it as his work because of his distinctive voice. Faulkner provided an even clearer example of this philosophy. In more recent years, the notion that one must discover a unique voice has become a secondary issue as any number of successful writers have demonstrated that they can write in more than one narrative voice.
    Nevertheless, a narrative voice that sounds like it could be anyone's voice or is bland and boring, or riddled with pointless clichés will fail to capture and hold the reader's attention. And a voice that is inconsistent will tend to confuse the reader about the narrator's attitude towards his/her characters and the story that is being told.
NOTE: It is quite common for writers in the early stages of their careers to imitate the writers they are reading or admire most. Often we are not even aware that we are doing this when we write.

1. Locate a relatively long descriptive passage in a short story or novel that you enjoy, and write a blatant imitation. Follow the sentence structure and syntax word for word. Do this exercise for as many different writers as you can. You should write at least 250 words each time you do this exercise.
2. Use a text like Best American Short Stories, containing about 20 stories from as many writers, and write imitations of the first page of each short story in the text.
3. Write a complete short story in imitation of your favorite writer from each major historical period for the past three centuries. (Note: you can change the subject matter, sex of the main character, and other such details and still write an imitation.)
4. Locate a writer whose work you do NOT particularly care for and write a parody of the story.

Point of View     Language is always uttered from some point of view; that is, it comes from someone. Scientific writers and legal writers (lawyers, the court) may try to hide this fact by writing in a voice so passive that it begins to sound as if it were uttered from some completely impartial god outside of the human experience, but no one argues more passionately than those folks who write within these two areas.
    When writing a short story we use one of the following points of view:

1. Third Person Restricted: We recognize this from the pronouns "he" or "she." In this point of view, probably the most popular, and some would argue the most natural, all the action takes place in the presence of the character from whose point of view we learn the story. If we are taken "inside the head" of a character, it is only within this character's head. The narrator does NOT tell us what anyone else thinks or feels. This character may or may NOT be the main character of the story.
2. First Person: We recognize this from the pronoun "I." Like third person restricted, all of the action takes place within this character's presence, and we learn only his/her thoughts and feelings in any kind of direct fashion.
3. Omniscient: As the word implies, this is a god-like point of view. The narrator freely moves from one character's perspective to another. This point of view was far more popular in previous centuries than it has been in the current one, reflecting both the tastes of authors and the reading public. Using this point of view within a short story is very difficult to pull off with any success because of the space restrictions. It takes time to develop more than one character's point of view.
4. Second Person: We recognize this from the pronoun "you." This point of view is rarely used except in some experimental writing. Literally "you" means the reader, and a story told from this point of view can quickly become tiresome. Authors often, however, slip into the highly vernacular syntactical structure of using the pronoun in a casual manner—I kind of "you know what I mean" statement—because the language used to tell stories is more often than not colloquial.
5. Pure Dramatization: This really isn't a "point of view" but occasionally a writer will produce a story that is very close to a play. That is, we receive almost all dialogue and very little narration, which usually seems little more than stage direction. Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" is about as close to this as any successful short story trying to accomplish this technique.

Exercise: Take any story you have written and rewrite it from a different point of view. If you originally wrote the story in first person, try it in third person restricted. You'll discover that you need to do more than simply changing the pronoun.  You should find that it is easier to be more objective about a character you are rendering in third person. If you've written a story in third person, try it in first. This can be an especially fruitful exercise if you've had trouble making the character sympathetic.
A wonderful example of the use of point of view in a novel is F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. Most casual readers remember this novel as a third person novel, but it is actually told from the first person point of view. We learn everything from Nick's perspective, Gatsby's neighbor.
As a variation on the exercise, you can take someone else's published story and render passages, especially paragraphs of narrative of at least a half page in length in a point of view other than that which the author used. Once again, watch what happens to the language as you change the point of view. What is it you need to add, take away? How does this change affect the emotional relationship the reader develops with the character.
 
The T.S. Eliot/John Gardner Killer Exercise: This exercise is quite possibly the most difficult, demanding and important exercise a writer can ever do. The poet and critic, T. S. Eliot, coined the phrase "objective correlative" to designate what he believed was the most important element in writing: Rendering the description of an object so that the emotional state of the character from whose point of view we receive the description is revealed WITHOUT ever telling the reader what that emotional state is or what has motivated it.
The late John Gardner, recognized in his lifetime as the leading creative writing teacher in the United States, developed the following exercise for students:
    A middle-age man is waiting at a bus stop. He has just learned that his son has died violently. Describe the setting from the man's point of view WITHOUT telling your reader what has happened. How will the street look to this man? What are the sounds? Odors? Colors? That this man will notice? What will his clothes feel like? Write a 250 word description.

TRAVEL AGENT

Hai hai J hari ini gue mau posting tentang  hal yang berkaitan erat dengan jurusan gue, pariwisata. Nah, disini, gua bakal member tahu, apa sih gunanya travel agent?

Well, duluu bgt, ada orang namanya Thomas Cook, nah. Orang ini yang mendirikan travel agent pertama di dunia, makanya dia dikenal dengan “bapak travel agent”. Tapi sayangnya, kesadaran orang akan travel agent dulu sangatlah minim. Kadang ada yang merasa, buat apa menghabiskan uang untuk ke trvel agent kalau bisa ngatur sendiri, ada juga yang bilang karena travel agent tempat- tempat wisatanya ditentukan sehingga kita tidak dapat bebas kesana kemari.

Ya, ga salah sih. Tapi, dengan ke travel agent, lu bisa sedikit tenang dengan masalah hotel, transport, makan dan tempat hiburan tertentu. Nah, jaman sekarang, travel agent lagi besar-besarnya. Karena tidak hanya dalam negeri saja, tetapi paket wisata ke luar negeri juga di buat oleh beberapa travel agent. Nah, dulu ada yang bilang, paket wisata itu ditentukan. Ga juga sih sebenernya. Ada yang namanya, Tailor Made Tour. Tailor Made Tour merupakan paket wisata yang dirancangtravel agent, sesuai dengan keinginan konsumen, jadi kalau mau ke 5 tempat dalam sehari bisa. Tinggal sebut objek wisata nya dan travel agent akan dengan senang hati mengatur nya.

Nih, beberapa review gue antara “ngurus sendiri” dan “datang ke travel agent”

NGURUS SENDIRI

Kadang wisatawan yang mengurus sendiri wisatanya itu suka ga booking tempat. Jadi kadang wisatawan ada yang ga dapet tempat/seat di transport.. selain itu juga, wisatawan kurang mengetahui hotel- hotel yang sesuai, dia juga ga tau waktu tempuh dan kadang karena sibuk ngurusin ini itu, dia ga bisa bikin rancangan kegiatan wisata/itinerary dan akhirnya wisata jadi kacau. Selain itu, wisatawan yang sibuk ini itu jadi ga bisa santai dan cenderung lelah.

Sedangkan, kalau pake TRAVEL AGENT

Kalau pake travel agent, transport ok, akomodasi sudah pasti ter-urus, itinerary udah ada pastinya. Daftar objek- objek wisata ok, dan rute-rute nya jelas. Dan segala keperluan udah di urus sama travel agent, kaya visa gitu-gitu, itu udah di urus travel agent. Alhasil, wisatawan dapat relax.

Nah, udah pada tau kan kekurangan kelebihannya? Makanya, travel agent itu penting peranannya. Karena, ga semua orang punya waktu buat ngurusin ini itu. Jaman sekarang, kebanyakan cuma mau ngasi duit trus pergi. orang- orang yang seperti itulah yang cocok pake jasa pariwisata ini..

Apa aja sih travel agent yang terpecaya?

banyak sih travel agent yang bagus- bagus.. tapi travel agent yang udah mendarah daging di masyarakat indonesia itu: Panorama, Smailing, Wita, Pana, Vaya, Panen tour, Bayu Buana, Galileo dan Avia. travel agent itu sih yang sering dipake. tapi yaaaa kadang orang- orang pake travel agent kecil juga, jadi yaa sama ajalah ya :D

okeee, sekiaaaaaan~

Unforgetable 17th Birthday

some girls might be in her pastel dresses wearing make ups and smile to the camera. but im not the kind of girl like that. i choose to travelling around south jakarta, and altough i knew it was so far away from house, but still, im so excited. so, i traveled with my friends, fitria, indah and fitria's younger sister. and we went there by public transportation. we took busway after that.

the first place we wanna go is "MU GUNG HWA" a korean-supermarket located in kebayoran baru, south jakarta. well, kalo mau ke tempat ini, kalian bisa naik busway arah blok m. kalo dari pulogadung, ambil arah blok m, transit di dukuh atas, terus turun di halte GBK, and, karena supermarket ini tempatnya di daerah perumahan. kalian ga bisa jalan kaki soalnya jauh banget. so, kalain harus naik taksi. naik taksi nya yang express putih itu ga nyampe 30 ribu ^^ nyampe sana, beh. orang koreaaaaaaaaaa semua. barang barang korea, snack snack korea, bahkan sampe kimchi dan es krim korea, ada di sana semua.

From MU GUNG HWA we took a cab and flew to ISTORA SENAYAN to buy some books in BOOK FAIR. i bought "THE COVE" from periplus, and the othera bought indonesian novels. it was soooooooooo PAYLESS!!! from ISTORA SENAYAN, kita berencana ke LOTTE SHOPPING AVENUE yang berlokasi di Kuningan, tepatnya di depan Mal Ambassador.

di LOTTE SHOPPING AVENUE, ga ada jalur busway, tapi ada halte busway di dekat situ, sebenernya ga deket juga sih. lu turun di halte DEPKES, terus lu keluar ke arah sebaliknya, yang ada fly over. nah lu ke situ, jalan aja luruuuuuus terus, nah, pas sebelum fly over itu kan ada belokan ke kiri, nah lo belok deh. terus lu jalan bentar, nanti ada mikrolet 44, naik aja terus turun deh depan Lotte Shopping Avenue (y) disitu, beeeeh. bener-bener mewah banget. mall nya bagus banget dan emang tempat buat orang- orang menengah ke atas sih ya, soalnya barang- barang yang di jual disana juga mahal mahal buaaaangetzzz.

dan karena kita ga ada duit pas buat makan disitu, akhirnya kita cusss, pindah ke mol apa ya lupa.. pokok nya yang ada D'Cost nya deh, trus kita makan deh di situ. tapi bener- bener seru loh! :D

bye, dinxox

diabetes melitus

Diabetes mellitus, DM (bahasa Yunani: διαβαίνειν, diabaínein, tembus atau pancuran air) (bahasa Latin: mellitus, rasa manis) yang juga dikenal di Indonesia dengan istilah penyakit kencing gula adalah kelainan metabolis yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, dengan simtoma berupa hiperglisemia kronis dan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein, sebagai akibat dari:

• defisiensi sekresi hormon insulin, aktivitas insulin, atau keduanya.
• defisiensi transporter glukosa.
• atau keduanya.

Berbagai penyakit, sindrom dan simtoma dapat terpicu oleh diabetes mellitus, antara lain: Alzheimer, ataxia-telangiectasia, sindrom Down, penyakit Huntington, kelainan mitokondria, distrofi miotonis, penyakit Parkinson, sindrom Prader-Willi, sindrom Werner, sindrom wolfram, leukoaraiosis, demensia, hipotiroidisme, hipertiroidisme, hipogonadisme, dan lain-lain.

Diabetes mellitus tipe 1

Diabetes mellitus tipe 1, diabetes anak-anak (bahasa Inggris: childhood-onset diabetes, juvenile diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) adalah diabetes yang terjadi karena berkurangnya rasio insulin dalam sirkulasi darah akibat hilangnya sel beta penghasil insulin pada pulau-pulau Langerhans pankreas. IDDM dapat diderita oleh anak-anak maupun orang dewasa.

Sampai saat ini IDDM tidak dapat dicegah dan tidak dapat disembuhkan, bahkan dengan diet maupun olah raga. Kebanyakan penderita diabetes tipe 1 memiliki kesehatan dan berat badan yang baik saat penyakit ini mulai dideritanya. Selain itu, sensitivitas maupun respons tubuh terhadap insulin umumnya normal pada penderita diabetes tipe ini, terutama pada tahap awal.

Penyebab terbanyak dari kehilangan sel beta pada diabetes tipe 1 adalah kesalahan reaksi autoimunitas yang menghancurkan sel beta pankreas. Reaksi autoimunitas tersebut dapat dipicu oleh adanya infeksi pada tubuh.

Saat ini, diabetes tipe 1 hanya dapat diobati dengan menggunakan insulin, dengan pengawasan yang teliti terhadap tingkat glukosa darah melalui alat monitor pengujian darah. Pengobatan dasar diabetes tipe 1, bahkan untuk tahap paling awal sekalipun, adalah penggantian insulin. Tanpa insulin, ketosis dan diabetic ketoacidosis bisa menyebabkan koma bahkan bisa mengakibatkan kematian. Penekanan juga diberikan pada penyesuaian gaya hidup (diet dan olahraga). Terlepas dari pemberian injeksi pada umumnya, juga dimungkinkan pemberian insulin melalui pump, yang memungkinkan untuk pemberian masukan insulin 24 jam sehari pada tingkat dosis yang telah ditentukan, juga dimungkinkan pemberian dosis (a bolus) dari insulin yang dibutuhkan pada saat makan. Serta dimungkinkan juga untuk pemberian masukan insulin melalui "inhaled powder".

Perawatan diabetes tipe 1 harus berlanjut terus. Perawatan tidak akan memengaruhi aktivitas-aktivitas normal apabila kesadaran yang cukup, perawatan yang tepat, dan kedisiplinan dalam pemeriksaan dan pengobatan dijalankan. Tingkat Glukosa rata-rata untuk pasien diabetes tipe 1 harus sedekat mungkin ke angka normal (80-120 mg/dl, 4-6 mmol/l). Tingkat glukosa darah yang rendah, yang disebut hipoglisemia, dapat menyebabkan kehilangan kesadaran. Beberapa dokter menyarankan sampai ke 140-150 mg/dl (7-7.5 mmol/l) untuk mereka yang bermasalah dengan angka yang lebih rendah, seperti "frequent hypoglycemic events". Angka di atas 200 mg/dl (10 mmol/l) seringkali diikuti dengan rasa tidak nyaman dan buang air kecil yang terlalu sering sehingga menyebabkan dehidrasi. Angka di atas 300 mg/dl (15 mmol/l) biasanya membutuhkan perawatan secepatnya dan dapat mengarah ke ketoasidosis.

 

 

Diabetes mellitus tipe 2

Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 (bahasa Inggris: adult-onset diabetes, obesity-related diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) merupakan tipe diabetes mellitus yang terjadi bukan disebabkan oleh rasio insulin di dalam sirkulasi darah, melainkan merupakan kelainan metabolisme yang disebabkan oleh mutasi pada banyak gen, termasuk yang mengekspresikan disfungsi sel β, gangguan sekresi hormon insulin, resistansi sel terhadap insulin yang disebabkan oleh disfungsi GLUT10 dengan kofaktor hormon resistin yang menyebabkan sel jaringan, terutama pada hati menjadi kurang peka terhadap insulin serta RBP4 yang menekan penyerapan glukosa oleh otot lurik namun meningkatkan sekresi gula darah oleh hati. Mutasi gen tersebut sering terjadi pada kromosom 19 yang merupakan kromosom terpadat yang ditemukan pada manusia.

Pada NIDDM ditemukan ekspresi SGLT1 yang tinggi, rasio RBP4 dan hormon resistin yang tinggi,peningkatan laju metabolisme glikogenolisis dan glukoneogenesis pada hati, penurunan laju reaksi oksidasi dan peningkatan laju reaksi esterifikasi pada hati.

NIDDM juga dapat disebabkan oleh dislipidemia, lipodistrofi, dan sindrom resistansi insulin.

Pada tahap awal kelainan yang muncul adalah berkurangnya sensitifitas terhadap insulin, yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar insulin di dalam darah. Hiperglisemia dapat diatasi dengan obat anti diabetes yang dapat meningkatkan sensitifitas terhadap insulin atau mengurangi produksi glukosa dari hepar, namun semakin parah penyakit, sekresi insulin pun semakin berkurang, dan terapi dengan insulin kadang dibutuhkan.^[] Ada beberapa teori yang menyebutkan penyebab pasti dan mekanisme terjadinya resistensi ini, namun obesitas sentral diketahui sebagai faktor predisposisi terjadinya resistensi terhadap insulin, dalam kaitan dengan pengeluaran dari adipokines ( nya suatu kelompok hormon) itu merusak toleransi glukosa. Obesitas ditemukan di kira-kira 90% dari pasien dunia dikembangkan diagnosis dengan jenis 2 kencing manis. Faktor lain meliputi mengeram dan sejarah keluarga, walaupun di dekade yang terakhir telah terus meningkat mulai untuk memengaruhi anak remaja dan anak-anak.

Diabetes tipe 2 dapat terjadi tanpa ada gejala sebelum hasil diagnosis. Diabetes tipe 2 biasanya, awalnya, diobati dengan cara perubahan aktivitas fisik (olahraga), diet (umumnya pengurangan asupan karbohidrat), dan lewat pengurangan berat badan. Ini dapat memugar kembali kepekaan hormon insulin, bahkan ketika kerugian berat/beban adalah rendah hati,, sebagai contoh, di sekitar 5 kg ( 10 sampai 15 lb), paling terutama ketika itu ada di deposito abdominal yang gemuk. Langkah yang berikutnya, jika perlu,, perawatan dengan lisan [[ antidiabetic drugs. [Sebagai/Ketika/Sebab] produksi hormon insulin adalah pengobatan pada awalnya tak terhalang, lisan ( sering yang digunakan di kombinasi) kaleng tetap digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi hormon insulin ( e.g., sulfonylureas) dan mengatur pelepasan/release yang tidak sesuai tentang glukosa oleh hati ( dan menipis pembalasan hormon insulin sampai taraf tertentu ( e.g., metformin), dan pada hakekatnya menipis pembalasan hormon insulin ( e.g., thiazolidinediones). Jika ini gagal, ilmu pengobatan hormon insulin akan jadilah diperlukan untuk memelihara normal atau dekat tingkatan glukosa yang normal. Suatu cara hidup yang tertib tentang cek glukosa darah direkomendasikan dalam banyak kasus, paling terutama sekali dan perlu ketika mengambil kebanyakan pengobatan.

Sebuah zat penghambat dipeptidyl peptidase 4 yang disebut sitagliptin, baru-baru ini diperkenankan untuk digunakan sebagai pengobatan diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Seperti zat penghambat dipeptidyl peptidase 4 yang lain, sitagliptin akan membuka peluang bagi perkembangan sel tumor maupun kanker.

Sebuah fenotipe sangat khas ditunjukkan oleh NIDDM pada manusia adalah defisiensi metabolisme oksidatif di dalam mitokondria pada otot lurik.Sebaliknya, hormon tri-iodotironina menginduksi biogenesis di dalam mitokondria dan meningkatkan sintesis ATP sintase pada kompleks V, meningkatkan aktivitas sitokrom c oksidase pada kompleks IV, menurunkan spesi oksigen reaktif, menurunkan stres oksidatif, sedang hormon melatonin akan meningkatkan produksi ATP di dalam mitokondria serta meningkatkan aktivitas respiratory chain, terutama pada kompleks I, III dan IV. Bersama dengan insulin, ketiga hormon ini membentuk siklus yang mengatur fosforilasi oksidatif mitokondria di dalam otot lurik. Di sisi lain, metalotionein yang menghambat aktivitas GSK-3beta akan mengurangi risiko defisiensi otot jantung pada penderita diabetes.

Simtoma yang terjadi pada NIDDM dapat berkurang dengan dramatis, diikuti dengan pengurangan berat tubuh, setelah dilakukan bedah bypass usus. Hal ini diketahui sebagai akibat dari peningkatan sekresi hormon inkretin, namun para ahli belum dapat menentukan apakah metoda ini dapat memberikan kesembuhan bagi NIDDM dengan perubahan homeostasis glukosa.

Pada terapi tradisional, flavonoid yang mengandung senyawa hesperidin dan naringin, diketahui menyebabkan

• peningkatan mRNA glukokinase,
• peningkatan ekspresi GLUT4 pada hati dan jaringan
• peningkatan pencerap gamma proliferator peroksisom
• peningkatan rasio plasma hormon insulin, protein C dan leptin
• penurunan ekspresi GLUT2 pada hati
• penurunan rasio plasma asam lemak dan kadar trigliserida pada hati
• penurunan rasio plasma dan kadar kolesterol dalam hati, antara lain dengan menekan 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme reductase, asil-KoA, kolesterol asiltransferase
• penurunan oksidasi asam lemak di dalam hati dan aktivitas karnitina palmitoil, antara lain dengan mengurangi sintesis glukosa-6 fosfatase dehidrogenase dan fosfatidat fosfohidrolase
• meningkatkan laju lintasan glikolisis dan/atau menurunkan laju lintasan glukoneogenesis

sedang naringin sendiri, menurunkan transkripsi mRNA fosfoenolpiruvat karboksikinase dan glukosa-6 fosfatase di dalam hati.
Hesperidin merupakan senyawa organik yang banyak ditemukan pada buah jenis jeruk, sedang naringin banyak ditemukan pada buah jenis anggur.

 

Diabetes mellitus tipe 3

Diabetes mellitus gestasional (bahasa Inggris: gestational diabetes, insulin-resistant type 1 diabetes, double diabetes, type 2 diabetes which has progressed to require injected insulin, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, type 1.5" diabetes, type 3 diabetes, LADA) atau diabetes melitus yang terjadi hanya selama kehamilan dan pulih setelah melahirkan, dengan keterlibatan interleukin-6 dan protein reaktif C pada lintasan patogenesisnya.

Diabetes melitus pada kehamilan terjadi di sekitar 2–5% dari semua kehamilan. GDM bersifat temporer dan dapat meningkat maupun menghilang setelah melahirkan. GDM dapat disembuhkan, namun memerlukan pengawasan medis yang cermat selama masa kehamilan.

Meskipun GDM bersifat sementara, bila tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat membahayakan kesehatan janin maupun sang ibu. Resiko yang dapat dialami oleh bayi meliputi makrosomia (berat bayi yang tinggi/diatas normal), penyakit jantung bawaan dan kelainan sistem saraf pusat, dan cacat otot rangka. Peningkatan hormon insulin janin dapat menghambat produksi surfaktan janin dan mengakibatkan sindrom gangguan pernapasan. Hyperbilirubinemia dapat terjadi akibat kerusakan sel darah merah. Pada kasus yang parah, kematian sebelum kelahiran dapat terjadi, paling umum terjadi sebagai akibat dari perfusi plasenta yang buruk karena kerusakan vaskular. Induksi kehamilan dapat diindikasikan dengan menurunnya fungsi plasenta. Operasi sesar dapat akan dilakukan bila ada tanda bahwa janin dalam bahaya atau peningkatan resiko luka yang berhubungan dengan makrosomia, seperti distosia bahu

source : dari berbagai sumber .

i need your comment ?

NEED YOUR COMMENT HERE's THE QUESTION

1. whats your name?

2. what music do you like?

3. whos singer do you like?

4. if you had a lot of money, what will you do ?

5. whats your favourite country to visit?

6. whats your favourite food and beverage?

7. whats your favourite fashion store? (chanel, dior, etc.)

8. where you can find a happiness?

9. how you spent your spare time?

10. whats your christmast-gift list??

OKAY, LET ME KNOW YOUR ANSWER SO, COMMENT IT :D

story - get and forget

hallo blogger.
gue mau kasi tau.. gue sebenerbya suka bikin cerita.
tapi, maslahnya cerita gue yang ini belom selesai di tulis.
so, just hold on yaaw :3
by the way, cerita get and forget ini menceritakan sebuah true story tentang seorang anak pelajar yang di asingkan oleh temen temen nya.
dia suka di ejek sama anak anak sekelas, jadi bahan tertawaan..
tapi anehnya, dia anteng aja. dia juga ga pernah marah kalo lagi di ejek.
dia malah ngebantu orang orang yang suka ngejek dia.
suatu hari, ketika dia ada maslah dengan keluarga, dia tetap masuk sekolah,
tetapi sayngnya, dia ternyata di ejek seharian , terus terusan oleh teman temannya.
saat itu dia bad mood dan duarr. dia ga marah. dia cuma sedih , tapi dalam hati.
dalam pikiran nya cuma satu,
"kalo nanti gue lulus, gue gamau temenan sama mereka , gue ga akan bantu mereka lagi apalagi ketemu mereka. gue bakal ngelupain mereka selamanya"

okay guys. it just the beggining. let's see what happens on my story. i'll write it as soon as possible.
HOLD ON !!!


yours, lvely,
dina :)

justin bieber - pray lyrics

I just can't sleep tonight
Knowing that things ain't right
It's in the papers, it's on the TV, it's everywhere that I go
Children are crying, soldiers are dying, some people don't have a home

But I know there's sunshine behind that rain
I know there's good times behind that pain
Hey, can you tell me how I can make a change?

I close my eyes and I can see a brighter day
I close my eyes and pray
I close my eyes and I can see a better day
I close my eyes and pray

I lose my appetite knowing kids starve tonight
Am I a sinner, 'cause my dinner is still on my plate?
Ooh I got a vision to make a difference
And it's starting today

'Cause I know there's sunshine behind that rain
I know there's good times behind that pain
Can you tell me how I can make a change?

I close my eyes and I can see a brighter day
I close my eyes and pray
I close my eyes and I can see a better day

I close my eyes and pray for the brokenhearted
I pray for the life not started
I pray for all the ones not breathing
I pray for all the souls in need
I pray, can you give 'em one today?

I just can't sleep tonight
Can someone tell me how to make a change?

I close my eyes and I can see a brighter day
I close my eyes and pray
I close my eyes and I can see a better day
I close my eyes and I pray, I pray, I pray
I close my eyes and pray, pray

im not a superstar

im not a supertstar. im just a star. shining at the nighty sky and shine the whole world. you think im just a star. it because im a star, i can makes someone's wish come true.

yep, banyak , mungkin semua orang di dunia ini tdak mengira kalu mereka adalah salah satu bintang yang selalu mereka lihat di malam hari, di saat langit cerah. mereka memang tidak melihat di dalam dirinya, apalagi mereka yang putus asa. Tuhan itu baik, dia tidak akan membiarkan umat manusianya menderita, maka dari itu, Ia menjadikan semuanya baik dan sempurna. bagaimana orang yang cacat ? Tuhan sudah memiliki rencana istimewa di dalam diri orang cacat. hanya saja, kebanyakan , mereka yang cacat tidak menyadari bahwa mereka lebih sempurna di bandingkan orang lain.

                mereka berpikir, bahwa dengan tidak adanya salah satu anggota tubuh, mereka pasti bisa menjadi orang sukses. dan itulah rencana Tuhan. mungkin banyak yang berpikir, untuk apa diam dan tidak melakukan kegiatan apapa, toh, Tuhan pasti memberikan kelebihan padaku. hanya saja aku tidak menyadarinya. tapi, banyak juga yang berpikir, untuk apa aku berusaha kalau aku cacat. kita semua sama di mata Tuhan. INGAT ITU. tidak ada yang sempurna, bahkan manusia yang paling kaya sedunia pun tidak. cacat bukan berarti kita itu TIDAK BISA MELAKUKAN APAPA, bukan berarti KITA JAUH DARI NORMAL. tapi, cacat itu adalah SESUATU YANG BERBEDA YANG TIDAK DIMILIKI OLEH ORANG LAIN. maka dari itu, bersyukurlah kalau kamu cacat. dan jika kamu telah menemukan kekurangan mu, kamu pasti akan tau kelebihanmu, dan KEMBANGKAN ITU. seperti aku, aku itu anak kidal dan cadel. tapi aku bisa menyelasaikan soal mat dengan mudah jika aku mengetahui caranya dan orang pintar mat di kelasku kadang bertanya kepadaku dan sebagian besar mereka salah, karena mungkin hanya kurang teliti. itu berarti, aku memang teliti. dan , karena aku kidal, aku bisa PD kalo ada yang menghina ku, toh, di negara BARAT, banyak orang kidal dan memang hampir semua orang kidal kan. 


   Abis itu,aku cadel. emang sering di katain, tapi aku bisa jago inggris gara gara cadel ku ini loh.

dan kesimpulannya : Kekurangan-mu adalah kelebihan mu

Be WISE

You can say "you are a bitch, slut, you are fuck" you will think that the person is okay like "im fine. Dont worry" but, you just dont know their heart. Who will not be hurted if someone insult them? It will. So, im gonna tell you, dont say something hurtfull. You may think they're okay. But you cant see their heart. Once again, think it first then said it. Word is more powerful than act.

Change yourself and it'll leads you to a better life :D

Kita , sebagai orang indonesia , jgn mau kalah . Kita buktiin dgn hal yg paling kecil sekecil upil anda . wkwk . Canda . Jgn marah , neng , mas , om , tante . Mau tau gimana ? Bicaralah pake basa inggris . Ga bisa ? COBALAH. Emang, pasti ada orang yg bilang "ngapain sih ngomong pake inggris. Sok bisa. Sok gaya". Jangan berkecil hati . Ngapain dengerin mereka ? Mereka cuma iri sama kamu . Mereka gamau kamu lebih baik dari pada mereka . Justin bieber bilang "never say never" miley cyrus bilang "if you believe in yourself , everything is possible" artinya, kita harus tetap pada pendirian kita. Kita harus tunjukin kalo kita bahkan bisa lebih baik. Bangsa kita ini lebih mudah berkecil hati . Mereka yg pernah di 'katain' lebih cenderung menjadi murung . Akibatnya mereka putus asa. Masa depan tanpa arah. Hari ini makan apa gatau . Istri ngomel mulu atau suami malah mabuk mabukan. Nanti jadi stress , trus mati tanpa ada kedamaian. Mau ? Makanya ! Ubahlah hidupmu sekarang !! ;D

Weirdness

Hay hay.
Post kali ini mungkin aneh . Saya akan membahas sesuatu yg tidak saya ketahui sejak tahun 2010 o.o
yaitu bahwa cody simpson lahir tahun 1997 ! (in bahasa version)
Guys . Know ? I just wanna told you what a weirdest thing and idk it yet since 2010 . But i know now. I just .... realize that , cody simpson was born on 1997 . LOL . I guess he was born on the same year with justin . Hahahah . But i doubt it -,-
berarti , gue sama cody simpson beda setahun dan gue lebih tua dari dia . Yay \(ˆ⌂ˆ)/ bangga amat sih (-________-"!)

Whaaatt ?!?

Hello guys, meet me in the pouring rain kiss me on the sidewalk take away the pain . LOL (sparks fly by taylor swift) Hay ! Just looking at the followers now. Wow. No one follow me yet . Nah nah . Im gonna say that my friends actually had an amazing blog than me . I mean, her design is cool . But, she just use bahasa in her blog . Nah, i think im the only person in my class that using english . Lmao. Jk . Okay guys, so what should i said ? I mean, i didnt hav any topics to talk about . So...hmm... What about fashion ? Or music maybe ? Oh . Or about bieber ? But , by the way, i just keep wondering why justin and selena are broken . I just think that they're the very cute couple . Hmm.. Thats love . Idk what justin thinks but i still support him no matter what .although sometimes i got insulted by all my friends . Thats a price to be an amazing belieber . You kno guys. We're not fans , we're belieber . And i proud of it . Always ;D okay. I'll post later again ;D ! (>¯з¯)> see ya !

The StrongersThe Strongers

a words that made me strong :

from demi .
"if someone hurt you, just keep strong"

miley :
"everyones make mistakes, even people we love."

"If you believe in yourself, anything is possible"

selena gomez :
"If someone says that you're not beautiful, dont believe it. Thats a price to be beautiful"

lady gaga :
"you are beautiful in your way cause God never make a mistake"

justin bieber :
"just believe it, dream it, be it"
"never say never"
"just dream big"

Taylor Swift :
"just be yourself and you'll come alive. Life isn't about how better you can dance in front of many ppl, but how you dance in the rain"

jasmine villegas :
"smile. Because only smile will make you more beautiful"

ariana grande :
"you are too lucky to be different"

katy perry :
"show to all peoples that you are a fireworks"

nah , guys , thats my favourites words and i just keep strong because of 'em. Thank you and J'TAIME JUSTIN, SELENA, MILEY, DEMI, TAYLOR SWIFT, KATY, ARIANA, JASMINE and LADY GAGA ! ♥